Presente Perfecto.
El Presente Perfecto en el idioma inglés es un tiempo verbal que se utiliza para referirnos a acciones que suceden en un pasado reciente y que guardan alguna relación con el presente. Su equivalente en el idioma español es el Pretérito Perfecto:
I have sent the letter.
Yo he enviado la carta.
Para poder construir la forma afirmativa del Presente Perfectodebemos utilizar como auxiliar el verbo
TO HAVE en Presente Simple y acompañado por el verbo principal en su Pasado Participio (ya sean
verbos regulares o
verbos irregulares):
| I have bought a new dress. | Yo he comprado un nuevo vestido. |
| You have studied the lesson. | Tú has estudiado la lección. |
| He has broken the window. | Él ha roto la ventana. |
| She has lost the keys. | Ella ha perdido las llaves. |
Cabe destacar que cuando hablamos en Presente Perfecto no debemos mencionar el momento en que se ha producido la acción, ya que de hacerlo deberíamos utilizar el
Pasado Simple, por ejemplo:
I have sold my car.
Yo he vendido mi auto. (Presente Perfecto)
I sold my car this morning.
Yo vendí mi auto esta mañana. (Pasado Simple)
Pasado Simple.
El presente simple se suele utilizar para referirnos a acciones que tuvieron lugar en un momento concreto del pasado. En este caso se utilizan partículas como yesterday (ayer) o last year (el pasado año).
She finished school last year -> Acabó el colegio el pasado año.
También se utiliza el pasado para acciones que ocurrieron en el pasado y que han finalizado, aunque no se mencione el momento preciso.
Who wrote that letter? -> ¿Quién escribió esta carta?
Para formar el pasado debemos poner el verbo en su forma pasada, y es aquí donde viene la difilcultad. Lo primero, tenemos que distinguir dos clases de verbos: los regulares y los irregulares. Estos últimos, por su dificultad, los dejaremos para una próxima lección y nos centraremos en los regulares.
Reglas para los verbos regulares
Los verbos regulares, para pasarlos al pasado, tienen que acabar en -ed. Esto como regla general, porque existen las ecepciones que veremos enseguida.
to listen (escuchar) -> listened
Solo tenemos que añadir la d cuando el verbo ya acaba en e.
to change (cambiar) -> changed
Si la última vocal del verbo está formada por consonante-vocal-consonante, y es en esta última consonante donde recae el acento, tenemos que doblar dicha consonante. También si el verbo acaba en l tenemos que doblarla.
to stop (parar) -> stopped
to travel (viajar) -> travelled
Negación e interrogación del pasado simple
Para formar las preguntas en el pasado simple nos tenemos que valer del auxiliar to do en su forma pasada, que es did para todas las personas de la conjugación. Los verbos que no necesitan auxiliar, como to have, se utilizará nen pasado (son irregulares).
Did you go to the party? -> ¿Fuistes a la fiesta?
Como se aprecia en el ejemplo, el verbo está en presente. Esto es así porque el auxiliar es el que indica el pasado, con lo que el verbo principal se pone en presente. Esto hay que tenerlo muy en cuenta.
Para negar también utilizamos el auxiliar to do en su forma pasada., acompañándolo con el verbo principal en presente. El verbo auxiliar se contrae con la partícula not.
I didn´t go to the party -> No fui a la fiesta.
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Present Perfect.
The Present Perfect in English is a verb tense used to refer to actions that happen in the recent past and that have some connection with this. Its equivalent in Spanish is the Present Perfect:
I have sat the letter.I have sent the letter.
To build the affirmative form of the Present Perfectodebemos used as auxiliary verb TO HAVE in Simple Present and accompanied by the main verb in its past participle (either regular or irregular verbs verbs):
I have bought a new dress. I have bought a new dress.You have Studied the lesson. You have studied the lesson.I've broken the window. He has broken the window.She has lost the keys. She has lost the keys.
Note that when we talk in Present perfect should not mention the time that action has occurred, since it should use the Past Simple, for example:
I have sold my car.I have sold my car. (Present Perfect)
I sold my car This Morning.I sold my car this morning. (Past Simple)
Past Simple.
The simple present is often used to refer to actions that took place at a particular moment of the past. In this case particles are used as yesterday (yesterday) or last year (last year).She finished school last year -> finished school last year.Also used the past to actions that occurred in the past and who have completed, but does not mention the right time.Who wrote That letter? -> Who wrote this letter?To form the past we put the verb in its past form, and here comes the difilcultad. First, we must distinguish two kinds of verbs: the regular and irregular. The latter, for its difficulty, we will leave for the next lesson and focus on the regulars.Rules for regular verbsRegular verbs, to pass to the past, must end in-ed. This as a rule, because there are EXCEPTION discussed next.to listen (listen) -> ListenedWe just have to add the d when the verb already ends in e.to change (change) -> changedIf the last vowel of the verb is formed by consonant-vowel-consonant and consonant latter is where the accent falls, we have to double that consonant. Also if the verb ends in l have to bend it.to stop (stop) -> stoppedto travel (travel) -> TravelledNegation and interrogation of the past simpleTo form the past simple questions we have to enforce the auxiliary to do in its past form, it did for all people of conjugation. The auxiliary verbs that do not need, like to have, be used nen past (irregular).Did you go to the party? -> You went to the party?As shown in the example, the verb is present. This is because the auxiliary is that indicates the past, so that the main verb is put into this. This must be taken into account.To deny also use the auxiliary to do in its past form., Accompanying the main verb in the present. The auxiliary verb with the particle shrinks not.I did not go to the party -> did not go to the party.----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Conversation.
K: Cesar, Have you visited in Culiacan?
C: Yes, I have.
K: What did you de there?
C: I went to the shopping.
K: what do you shop?
C:Buy a cell.
C: And you, have you visited Culiacan?
K:Yes,I have.
C: And you visited place forum?
K: Yes.
C: What did you do there?
K: I went to the shopping and to dinner with friends
C: Karely, you proven chinese food?
K:Yes, I have proven.
C: till then, bye.
K: Ok, till then, Goodbye.
